Juquan Jiang

Abstract Bile acids (BAs) are crucial amphipathic surfactants that function as multifaceted regulators in various physiological processes, including nutrient absorption and distribution, lipid metabolism and inflammation1,2. The human organic solute transporter αβ (OSTα–OSTβ; hereafter referred to as OSTα/β) is a BA transporter that has a key role in the secretion and distribution of BAs3,4,5,6. Pathogenic mutations in OSTα/β have been associated with cholestasis7,8.

Abstract Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which act as key cofactors of many enzymes, thus has essential roles in cell growth and functions. Animals cannot synthesize riboflavin in situ, the intake, distribution and metabolism of which are mediated by three riboflavin transporters (RFVT1-3). Many mutations in RFVTs cause severe consequences. How RFVTs recognize and transport riboflavin remains largely unknown.

Abstract Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a fundamental macronutrient for all living organisms, the homeostasis of which is critical for numerous biological activities1,2,3. As the only known human Pi exporter to date, XPR1 has an indispensable role in cellular Pi homeostasis4,5. Dysfunction of XPR1 is associated with neurodegenerative disease6,7,8.