Kaissa Ouali

1 Introduction Phase 1 clinical trials are defined as first clinical trials in human to evaluate drug safety and objective is to determine the Phase 2 recommended dose [1-3]. Patients were traditionally referred to Phase 1 trials when they have no alternative effective therapy or when standard treatment has failed [4]. Subsequently, patients screened were heavily pretreated and enrollment criteria very selective [5].

To the Editor: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is defined as augmented destruction of erythrocytes by autoimmune mechanisms, usually mediated by autoantibodies against erythrocyte surface antigens.1 Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is distinct cause of AIHA and is generally mediated by immunological mechanisms.1 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that are used to treat cancer, in particular PD-1 inhibitors, can induce AIHA.1, 2 The hematopoietic system and red blood cells could be...