Kaleb Assefa Berhane

1 Introduction Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in anticoagulation by serving as a cofactor for activated protein C (APC), which inactivates clotting factors Va and VIIIa. Additionally, protein S exerts direct anticoagulant effects by binding to factors Xa and Va, thereby inhibiting factor Xa activity [1, 2].

Citation: Shewaye AB, Berhane KA, Fanta AD (2025) Hepatitis A beyond childhood causing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS One 20(8): e0330212. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330212 Editor: Yury E. Khudyakov, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Received: April 26, 2025; Accepted: July 28, 2025; Published: August 13, 2025 Copyright: © 2025 Shewaye et al.

1 Introduction Dieulafoy's lesion (DL) is a vascular malformation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in which an enlarged submucosal blood vessel bleeds in the absence of any abnormality, such as ulcers or erosion. It accounts for 1%–2% of all cases of GI bleeding [1, 2]. Although the exact cause of DL has not been fully elucidated, several explanations for its development have been proposed.