Kalle L Jahn

1 Introduction Degradation of coastal waters due to excess nitrogen inputs is a wide-spread ecological and societal issue (Anderson et al., 2021; Basu et al., 2022; Ryther & Dunstan, 1971). Much of this excess nitrogen is derived from nonpoint sources (Carpenter et al., 1998; Van Drecht et al., 2001), resulting in nitrogen mitigation actions that are often are costly and complex, requiring large-scale engineering solutions, land use changes, and innovative technologies.

First posted August 20, 2024 For additional information, contact: Director, New York Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 425 Jordan Road Troy, NY 12180–8349 The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a transient, groundwater-flow model that simulates hydrologic conditions in the Long Island aquifer system as part of an ongoing (since 2016) multiyear, cooperative investigation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.