Karel-Bart Celie

1 INTRODUCTION Despite advances in complex reconstruction since the popularization of microsurgery in the 1970s, lower extremity (LE) trauma with significant soft tissue loss and vascular injury remains a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon (Kozusko et al., 2019; Pu, 2021; Van Boerum et al., 2019). Free flaps to the traumatic LE defect have inherent challenges resulting from the often tenuous micro and macrovascular perfusion.

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