Karson Elmgren

In October 1992, a Circassian man by the name of Tevfik Esenç passed away at the age of 88. Esenç had been, as his gravestone attested, “the last person able to speak the language they called Ubykh.” An extreme example of the remarkable languages of the Caucasus mountains, Ubykh was articulated with all of 80 different consonants, compared to English’s 24.

Availability: Web-Only Year: 2025 Pages: 22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7249/PEA3379-2 Document Number: PE-A3379-2 Kotila, Brodi, Casey Mahoney, Katherine H. Tucker, Karson Elmgren, Lennart Heim, and Ella Guest, RAND Response to NIST Request for Input on AI 100-5, “A Plan for Global Engagement on AI Standards”, RAND Corporation, PE-A3379-2, March 2025. As of March 3, 2025: https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA3379-2.html Kotila, Brodi, Casey Mahoney, Katherine H.

Given the transnational risks posed by AI, the safety of AI systems, wherever they are developed and deployed, is of concern to the United States. Since China develops and deploys some of the world's most advanced AI systems, engagement with this U.S. competitor is especially important.