aDivision of Pulmonology, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA bJoint Program in Computational Precision Health, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA cDepartment of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Publication History: Published July 15, 2025 DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(25)00126-2 External LinkAlso available on ScienceDirect External Link...