Kathyrn King

1 Introduction In the era of modern neonatal care, 95% of the 15 million infants born preterm each year survive to adulthood (Ward et al. 2024). With some variation among countries, the preterm birth rate has remained stable over the last decade (Bradley et al. 2025). Preter, birth is defined as birth before the 37 weeks of gestation, or more than 3 weeks prior to the due date.