Kei Fujikawa Shingu

INTRODUCTION Glucose intolerance during pregnancy originally consisted of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-existing diabetes mellitus (PDM)1. The risk of perinatal adverse outcomes in GDM was reported to lie between that in normal glucose tolerance and that in PDM. In 2010, overt diabetes in pregnancy (ODP) was separated from the original GDM1. Evidence indicates that ODP has a higher perinatal risk than the revised GDM (i.e., the original GDM excluding ODP)2, 3.

INTRODUCTION Insufficient gestational weight gain (GWG) increases the risk of small for gestational age at birth (SGA) and low birth weight1-4. SGA and low birth weight are not only associated with perinatal mortality or morbidity, but also increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disease in later adulthood5, 6. SGA and low birth weight are the leading healthcare issues to be addressed.