Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Keri Geiger , Paul D. Stamper, Jason E. Farley Keri Geiger, Paul D. Stamper, Jason E. Farley Published: March 5, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248174 Figures Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection are a deadly combination.