Kesha K. Dalal

Abstract Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the second most common urologic cancer in the US and Worldwide which mostly affects the aging population. Despite several ongoing clinical trials, treatment paradigms for BLCA have not changed significantly. Here, we investigated the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) in bladder cancer patients and its role in calcium influx, cell proliferation, and migration using normal human urothelial cells and bladder cancer cells.

CPC cardiac progenitor cell EC endothelial cell GPCRs G-protein-coupled receptors LTCC L-type calcium channel MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase NOR nociceptin opioid receptors PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase PKA protein kinase A VEGFR2 vascular endothelial growth factor 2 PLC phospholipase C PTM post-translational modifications TM transmembrane VSMC vascular smooth muscle cell 1 INTRODUCTION Opioid receptors are members of the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily and are...

The Greek word angêion means blood vessel and genesis means creation. Therefore, angiogenesis is a process that creates new blood vessels out of existing  blood vessels in your body. This process begins before you’re born and continues throughout your life. All your blood vessels are surrounded by special cells, called endothelial cells, that protect the blood flowing through them. Blood vessels, both new and old, large and small, do important work in your body.