Keshab Kumar Karna

1 INTRODUCTION Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) leads to compromised fertility and adverse reproductive outcomes.1 The integrity of sperm DNA is of paramount importance for successful fertilization and the development of a healthy embryo.

1 INTRODUCTION Up to 12% of the couples of reproductive age suffer from infertility worldwide, and male factors contribute to approximately 50% of these cases.1 Despite a comprehensive evaluation using current testing, male infertility still remains idiopathic in 30%−50% of cases.2 The evaluation of male fertility is primarily based on the analysis of conventional semen parameters, but this test has limitations in predicting male fertility potential and the success of assisted reproductive...