Abstract Neurons rely on precise protein folding, trafficking, and turnover to maintain synaptic function. Disruption of proteostasis promotes misfolded proteins that impair axonal transport, mitochondrial function, and signalling, contributing to neuronal loss. Although neurodegeneration has traditionally focused on stable amyloid deposits, many disease-associated proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that can organize through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS).
