Krishnakumar Thankappan

To the Editor I read with interest the article by Garcia-Lozano et al1 that compared routine vs selective calcium and calcitriol supplementation after total thyroidectomy. This multicenter diagnostic randomized clinical trial addresses an important clinical question, and I commend the authors for conducting what is to my knowledge the first randomized comparison of these 2 widely used strategies.

Krishnakumar Thankappan · Follow 5 min read · -- The concept of sample size in machine learning (ML) studies shares some fundamental ideas with traditional statistical studies, but it differs in important ways due to the nature of ML models and the objectives of these studies. To understand these differences, it’s helpful to explore key statistical concepts such as power analysis, effect size, and diagnostic accuracy, and how they are applied in both traditional statistics and machine learning. 1.

1 INTRODUCTION Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the head and neck region, accounting for 90% of all cancers.1 Chronic exposure to oral mucosal carcinogens such as alcohol, tobacco and betel nut have been classically described as causative factors.2 Despite being a disease affecting mostly males in the fifth to eighth decades of life, there has been a notable epidemiological shift towards early-onset cancer, particularly among non-smokers.3, 4 The etiology behind this...