Langdon Fielding

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT No conflicts of interest have been declared. REFERENCES Clutton, E. (2010) Opioid analgesia in horses. Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice, 26(3), 493–514. Daglish, J. & Mama, K.R. (2016) Pain. its diagnosis and management in the rehabilitation of horses. Veterinary Clinics of North America, 32, 13–29. de la Rebière de Pouyade, G., Grulke, S., Charles, A., Román Durá, B. & Salciccia, A.

AVD assisted vaginal delivery CRI continuous rate infusion CVD controlled vaginal delivery RFM retained fetal membranes 1 Introduction Dystocia, characterized by a prolonged or abnormal second stage of parturition, is an emergency in equine practice, with equine births having a reported prevalence of dystocia between 2% and 13% [1]. In horses, stage 2 parturition begins with the rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane. This stage is short and lasts, on average, 20–30 min [2].