Lanhui Zheng

1 Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary intracranial tumors in adults, along with necrosis, microvascular proliferation, and a hypoxia microenvironment [1-4]. Despite the current standard therapeutic regimen comprising surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, GBM patients continue to exhibit dismal clinical outcomes, with a median overall survival of merely 15–18 months [5, 6].