Lavista Tyagi

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1. Introduction Nanoparticles (NPs) are particles with all three dimensions between 1 and 100 nm. They are made up of various materials, including pure metals such as zinc, gold, silver, iron, and titanium, their respective oxides and hydroxides, as well as non-metallic substances such as silica, polymers (e.g., polystyrene, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) or PLGA), and carbon-based materials [1].