Lee Wei Yeong

Executive Summary This article details our technical analysis of VVS stealer, also styled VVS $tealer, including its distributors’ use of obfuscation and detection evasion. The stealer is written in Python and targets Discord users, exfiltrating sensitive information like credentials and tokens stored in Discord accounts. This stealer was once in active development and marketed for sale on Telegram as early as April 2025. VVS stealer's code is obfuscated by Pyarmor.

Executive Summary Unit 42 researchers recently observed a shift in the delivery method in the distribution of DarkCloud Stealer and the obfuscation techniques used to complicate analysis. First seen in early April 2025, these new methods and techniques include an additional infection chain for DarkCloud Stealer. This chain involves obfuscation by ConfuserEx and a final payload written in Visual Basic 6 (VB6).

Executive Summary In March 2025, Unit 42 researchers identified a wave of Prometei attacks. Prometei refers to both the botnet and the malware family used to operate it. This malware family, which includes both Linux and Windows variants, allows attackers to remotely control compromised systems for cryptocurrency mining (particularly Monero) and credential theft. This article focuses on the resurgence of the Linux variant.