Leonard Simon Brandenburg

1 Introduction Microvascular free flap surgery is a fundamental technique in modern reconstructive surgery, enabling the restoration of complex defects across a range of anatomical regions—including the head and neck, breast, trunk, extremities, and perineum—using well-vascularized autologous tissue. Since its clinical inception in the early 1970s, the field has expanded significantly, driven by advances in microsurgical technique, flap origin, design, and perioperative care (Seidenberg et al.