Leying Jiang

1 Introduction Vaccines are effective tools for preventing respiratory diseases, and their role in tumor immunotherapy has gradually become prominent.[1] Subunit vaccines and split vaccines, to some extent, avoided the safety issues of whole-pathogen vaccines and hold great potential in clinical application.[2] While non-adjuvanted subunit vaccines can only lead to limited immune efficacy.[3] Adjuvant, usually as a constituent, was added to vaccines to enhance the immune intensity and...

1 Introduction The mRNA vaccine encoding 34 neoantigens in phase IIb clinical trial has ushered the main end in 2022, heralding the great promise of neoantigens as personalized vaccines for tumor treatment.[1] Meanwhile, as the first approved personalized tumor vaccine for clinical trials, the progress of peptide-based neoantigens has lagged behind the mRNA vaccines, which can be owed to the rapid metabolism, inefficient delivery to draining lymph nodes, and low immunogenicity of peptides.[2]...

Research Article This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202304119 Abstract Ultrasensitive identification of biomarkers in biofluids is essential for precise diagnosis of diseases.