Lhoussain Hajji

1. Introduction Worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant neoplastic diseases and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. In 2018, more than two million individuals were diagnosed with BC and, unfortunately, 15% of them have since died [1]. In 2019, in the US, BC alone accounted for 30% of all new cancer diagnoses in women [2]. In 2020, female BC also surpassed lung cancer to become the most diagnosed cancer worldwide [3].

1. Introduction Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a skin infection provoking ulcers on exposed body parts, affects annually between 600,000 to 1 million new cases on a global scale []. In North African countries, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, the disease is caused by L. major, L. tropica, and L. infantum, which belong to the Leishmania genus []. Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major remains the most frequent in North Africa and Middle East countries.