Lisha Yin

1 Introduction In modern society, the reproductive age of people is delayed year by year because of economic pressure as well as the shift in parenting ideologies (Secomandi et al. 2022).

1 Introduction Meiosis is a fundamental biological process that enables genetic diversity through the exchange of parental genetic material. This process involves multiple chromosomal events, including DNA strand breakage (DSB) formation, homologous recombination, synapsis, crossover, desynapsis, and chromosome alignment and segregation. Meiotic checkpoints ensure that only cells with coordinated chromosomal activity and successful recombination proceed to produce haploid spermatids.

1 Introduction Meiosis, a conserved cell division process, involves two chromosomal segregations after DNA replication to generate haploid germ cells for reproduction. Meiotic prophase I is a relatively long and complicated process of ordered events, such as DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation, recombination, synapsis, and desynapsis.