Liyew Birhanu

1 Introduction Medicinal plants have a long history among humans and are the source of immediate medical care for 70%–95% of people in most developing countries (World Health Organization (WHO) 2002; Robinson and Zhang 2011). Beyond these developing regions, the use of medicinal plants is also steadily rising within wealthier, industrialized countries (Schippmann et al. 2002; Robinson and Zhang 2011).

1 Introduction Biodiversity loss is an urgent global concern, with numerous species disappearing due to anthropogenic activities (Sala et al. 2000; Pereira et al. 2010; Johnson et al. 2017; IPBES 2019). Land-use change, habitat fragmentation, overexploitation, pollution, invasive species, and climate change are widely recognized as major drivers of this problem (Fahrig 2003; Watson et al. 2005; Wilson et al. 2016; Newbold 2018; IPCC 2021).

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