Longbang Qing

1 Introduction As a representative multiphase heterogeneous composite material in civil engineering, concrete is characterized by a distinct fracture process zone (FPZ) [1]. Plain concrete fails to effectively arrest microcrack propagation, resulting in rapid and unstable crack growth that culminates in brittle fracture. This limitation is significantly mitigated in fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC), where fibers form a bridging network within the cementitious matrix.

Get full access to this article View all available purchase options and get full access to this article. Data Availability Statement All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52425803 and 52409160). Author Contributions Guorui Cao: Data curation; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Software; Writing – original draft.