Luka Glamuzina

1 Introduction Ocean acidification (OA) is a well-documented threat to marine ecosystems caused by the extensive anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). In the past 250 years, CO2 levels have increased by up to 50% as compared to pre-industrial times (Friedlingstein et al. 2022). The oceans absorb around 27% of the released carbon dioxide, leading to a significant change in the carbonate chemistry of seawater (Doney et al. 2009).