Luna Barrera-Chamorro

Abstract Neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, are increasingly associated with disruption of the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Common alterations include reduced beneficial microbial taxa, impaired short-chain fatty acid production, intestinal and blood–brain barrier dysfunction, and sustained inflammatory responses.

Abstract Dietary fat intake acutely induces a dynamic postprandial state characterized by transient elevations in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, circulating non-esterified fatty acids, and lipid mediators, superimposed on habitual diet and individual metabolic status. Within this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as lipid-bilayer nanoparticles whose lipid composition may reflect cellular lipid handling and contribute to interorgan signaling.

INTRODUCTION In recent years, the consumption of plant-based proteins has grown steadily, in alignment with the Sustainable Developmental Goals and the One Health approach, which advocates for a holistic balance between human, animal, and environmental health. As a result, current dietary trends are shifting away from traditional patterns, with consumers increasingly seeking products that are not only nutritious but also capable of delivering health benefits.