Luying Ji

1 Introduction China is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Accurate and reliable wind speed forecasting plays a crucial role in safeguarding the country's transportation, shipping, and energy production (Sun et al., 2024; Wang et al., 2023). With the continuous advancement of numerical weather prediction technology, the numerical weather predictions (NWP) have become an important reference for forecasters.

1 INTRODUCTION Short-to-medium-range weather forecasts with lead days of 1–7 days are crucial in traditional operational weather forecasting. They are vital for issuing early warnings and assisting decision-making for the governments. However, the forecast accuracy of precipitation typically lags behind other meteorological variables (Dai et al., 2018; Lavers et al., 2009).