M. E. Barker

Expand allCollapse all Background Hemodynamic response to exercise is used to evaluate causes of dyspnea in suspected pulmonary hypertension (PH) related to pulmonary vascular or left heart disease. Such studies may disclose abnormal increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) in the context of cardiac output, even when hemodynamics in the resting state are within normal limits.

Carbohydrate was the most abundant macronutrient consumed across all the phases of the diet, in both male and female competitors. The majority of carbohydrates came from cereals, tubers, fruit, and vegetables. Confectionary items, such as sweets and water-based desserts, legumes and bread were consumed sparingly during contest preparations in agreement with previous accounts of bodybuilding menus [5, 7, 29].

Methods The intervention comprised timetabled kitchen classroom sessions (90 min, fortnightly). Pupils prepared and cooked food, which they then ate together. Children's relationship with food, including food enjoyment, experience and food neophobia, were addressed at the intervention school (baseline n = 154; follow-up n = 164) and at a matched control school (baseline n = 171; follow-up n = 174).