Madan Kumar Arumugam

Abstract All biological processes, from embryonic development to cancer, are tightly controlled by the interactions between genetics and epigenetics. An array of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone/chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated targeting, are essential to regulate the heritable changes that occur during multiple cellular processes. A failure in proper regulation results in inappropriate gene expression that ultimately leads to pathological states.

1. Introduction Mitochondria are the energy organelles of eukaryotic cells. They regulate cellular energy homeostasis and perform other key physiologic and metabolic activities including participation in cell death, ion homeostasis, ROS generation and redox signaling [1]. Key components of the mitochondrion are the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix.

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