In January 2003, physicist Myles Allen watched as floodwaters from the Thames river threatened to seep into his home in Oxford, UK. He wanted to know why meteorologists at the time were refusing to blame climate change for the event. Later that year, Peter Stott, a climate scientist at the UKâs Met Office, arrived in Italy for a summer holiday. But instead of a week of ice cream and beach reads, Stott found himself trapped in one of the longest, deadliest heatwaves in European history.