Madeleine Wheeler

Introduction Global increases in average and maximum ambient temperatures are eliciting wide-ranging behavioural reactions among species, including birds (Parmesan and Yohe 2003). Behaviour is considered the first line of defence in buffering adverse environmental conditions (Wong and Candolin 2015). Thus understanding how birds respond to challenging thermal conditions is a key issue to investigate in order to predict avian population dynamics (Iknayan and Beissinger 2018).