Mads Faurschou Knudsen

The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is a key contributor to present-day sea level change (Mouginot et al. 2019; Otosaka et al. 2023) and is predicted to contribute up to 30 cm of sea level rise at the end of this century (Aschwanden & Brinkerhoff 2022). One of the most sensitive regions of the ice sheet lies in North Greenland, where ice-mass loss recently was predicted to be one of the main contributors to future sea level rise (Khan et al. 2015; Noël et al. 2019).

The Earth’s climate is powered by the Sun, which drives weather, ocean currents, and the hydrological cycle. It was initially assumed that the energy radiated by the Sun is constant over time1, but detailed observations of sunspots by early astronomers like Galileo Galilei revealed that the Sun is in fact highly dynamic from one decade to the next.

Abstract Superflares are large explosive events on stellar surfaces one to six orders-of-magnitude larger than the largest flares observed on the Sun throughout the space age. Due to the huge amount of energy released in these superflares, it has been speculated if the underlying mechanism is the same as for solar flares, which are caused by magnetic reconnection in the solar corona.