Mahda Delshad

1. Introduction Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells produce exosomes, which are small (30–150 nm), phospholipid bilayer extracellular vesicles used for signaling and intercellular communication [1]. Exosome is a biogenesis-related term exhibiting origin from the endosomal system. Being typically smaller than 200 nm, exosomes are a subtype of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) [2]. Indeed, they were formerly thought to be extracellular vesicles that expel undesirable cellular trash.