Maiara Costa Silva

1 Introduction Umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara) is an endemic fruit tree of the Brazilian semiarid region and one of the most representative native species of the Caatinga biome. Besides its ecological importance, the fruit plays an important socioeconomic role by providing seasonal income for thousands of smallholder farmers, whose production remains predominantly based on extractive systems (Mertens et al. 2016; Pereira Silva et al. 2019; Saraiva et al. 2025).

1 Introduction Garlic (Allium sativum) is a vegetable of significant importance, highly valued for its nutraceutical properties and its role in the global agricultural economy (Lana and Tavares 2010; Feng et al. 2021). Brazil is the world's 16th largest garlic producer (184,844 tons in 2023).