Mao Hua Du

Abstract New particle formation is an important source of Arctic atmospheric particles and cloud condensation nuclei, yet their precursor sources and molecular-level mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report comprehensive ship-based observations from 19 May to 26 June 2022 from southeastern to western Greenland and into the Davis Strait’s marginal ice zone to investigate sources and processes controlling atmospheric particles and cloud condensation nuclei.

4.1. BC Observations in the Arctic Large differences between the eBC and rBC mass concentrations were observed in the Arctic ( Figure 1 and S9-S10 ). eBC mass concentrations are much higher than rBC in the background MIZ ( Figures 1 b). Our observed rBC mass concentrations over the open sea and in the MIZ during early summer ranged from 0.6 to 1.7 ng m –3 , which is comparable to shipborne measurements reported over the western Arctic Ocean (70–75° N, ∼170–156° W) during September.

Oxides with good p-type conductivity have been long sought after to achieve high performance all-oxide optoelectronic devices. Divalent Sn(II) based oxides are promising candidates because of their rather dispersive upper valence bands caused by the Sn-5s/O-2p anti-bonding hybridization. There are so far few known Sn(II) oxides being p-type conductive suitable for device applications.