1 Introduction As best that can be determined, Earth is ca. 4.55 billion years old [1]. Throughout geological time, the water that makes up roughly 75% of the surface has been anything but “pristine”, meaning that Nature has been developing chemistry in “impure” water. By modern standards that reflect a mere 250+ years or so, however, reactions have been developed mainly in organic solvents; in fact, most practitioners view water as the “enemy” to be avoided [2].