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Articles

Topographic stress controls fissure segmentation and eruptive cone formation during the Laki and Eldgjá eruptions

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By Maria Hurley, Francesco Maccaferri, Thomas Walter
| Nature Verified
Abstract Elongated dykes in tectonic rifts feed extensive basaltic fissure eruptions, yet surface eruption sites are highly discontinuous and unpredictable. Here we show that along-strike topographic variations, and the associated stress gradients, correlate with this localisation. We investigate eruptive cones at the two most productive historical basaltic eruptions in Iceland, Laki (1783–1784) and Eldgjá (~939–940).
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