Mariana Abarca

Data availability statement Data are available from the Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zpc866tnc (Hicks et al. 2025). Supporting Information Filename Description oik70025-sup-0001-AppendixS1.docx1.8 MB Supplementary Material References , , , , and , and 2018. Inclusion of host quality data improves predictions of herbivore phenology. – Entomol. Exp. Appl. 166: 648–660. , and 2019.

INTRODUCTION Anthropogenic global change presents a serious threat to biodiversity (Ceballos et al., 2015; Dirzo et al., 2014; Harvey et al., 2023; Pereira et al., 2012; Trew & Maclean, 2021; Van Klink et al., 2020; Wagner, 2020). Human activity has caused CO2 levels to rise above 410 ppm, a level that has not been observed in the past 2 million years, while CH4 and N2O levels are higher than any period in the past 800,000 years (IPCC, 2023).

Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Mariana Abarca Mariana Abarca Published: September 5, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222227 Figures Abstract Organisms from temperate ecosystems experience a cyclic alternation of favorable seasons, when they can grow and develop, and unfavorable periods, characterized by low temperatures and reduced resource availability.