Mario Barbagallo

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1. Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, chronic autoimmune disease affecting more than 700,000 people worldwide [1]. MG is the largest group of neuromuscular disorders caused by antibodies that target the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), mainly the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), and lipoprotein-associated protein (LRP4). Approximately 80% of patients with ocular symptoms will develop generalized myasthenia within the first 1–2 years after symptom onset.

Magnesium (Mg) is a key ion for numerous metabolic processes, being a cofactor of over 600 enzymes involved in cell metabolism and multiple biological processes. Mg is needed for mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and energy production, nucleic acid synthesis and stability, protein synthesis, as well as oxidative phosphorylation.