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Articles by Mark A. Hellmann
Clinical Reasoning: An Immunocompetent Young Adult With Acute Vision Loss
Section 1 A 23-year-old male patient with thalassemia minor, anxiety (sertraline), and prior photorefractive keratectomy presented to the emergency room on 2 consecutive days with severe headaches. During the second visit, a temperature of 100.2°F (37.9°C) was recorded; vital signs were otherwise normal. Neurologic examinations were normal, and the patient was discharged both times after a rapid response to analgesics. Five days later, he returned with exacerbated headaches.
IL-6 Receptor Blockade as Rescue Therapy in Acute Attacks of MOGAD and AQP4+NMOSD
Interleukin 6 receptor blockers (IL-6RBs) are effective for relapse prevention in aquaporin 4 (AQP4)–immunoglobulin G (IgG)–positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD)1 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease (MOGAD).2 IL-6RBs’ direct effects on stabilizing the blood-brain barrier3 and rapid anti-inflammatory effects—within hours in cytokine release syndrome—also suggest a potential role as acute therapy to reduce postattack disability.4,5 In this...
Risk of New-Onset Myasthenia Gravis Following COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination: A Population-Based Case–Control Study
1 Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction caused by the production of antibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) or other components in the postsynaptic membrane [1], manifesting as fatigable muscle weakness, which may be generalized or focal, specifically involving ocular and bulbar regions, and in severe cases, leading to respiratory compromise [1, 2].
Increased Prevalence of Extrathymic Neoplasms in Myasthenia Gravis Patients‐A Population‐Based, Matched Case-Control Study
1 Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is associated with thymoma in 10%–15% of patients, and 30%–50% of those with thymoma develop MG [1, 2]. Thymoma is not the only malignancy associated with MG. Numerous reports have suggested a higher prevalence of malignancies in MG patients and an increased incidence following an MG diagnosis [3, 4]. However, there is inconsistency regarding which malignancies may be associated with MG.
Automotive Fuel Cell Systems: Testing Highly Dynamic Scenarios
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Jonas Breitinger 1,*, Mark Hellmann 1, Helerson Kemmer 1 and Stephan Kabelac 2 1 Robert Bosch GmbH, 71272 Renningen, Germany 2 Institute of Thermodynamics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30823 Garbsen, Germany * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Does CSF pleocytosis have a predictive value for disease course in MS?
Abstract Objective MS is a demyelinating CNS disorder with a spectrum of clinical patterns regarding course and prognosis. Although several prognostic factors are considered in the initial evaluation of patients, biological markers defining the disease course and guiding treatments are currently lacking. It is unknown whether patients with CSF pleocytosis differ in regard to symptoms, disease course, and prognosis from those without.
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