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Articles by Mark C Eldaief
Patient-friendly simplification and translation of neuroradiology impressions using artificial intelligence
Abstract Healthcare systems in the United States are now mandated to provide patients with immediate access to medical results. Access to complex results prior to appropriate clinical follow-up may cause confusion and fear, especially in populations with limited health literacy and English language proficiency. In this study, we demonstrate a use case of large language models (LLMs) to simplify and translate complex medical information for patients.
Precision estimates of longitudinal brain aging capture unexpected individual differences in one year - Nature Communications
Abstract Longitudinal studies are required to measure individual differences in human brain aging, but are challenging over short intervals due to measurement error. Using cluster scanning, an approach that reduces error by densely repeating rapid structural scans, we assess brain aging in individuals across three timepoints in one year. Cluster scanning substantially improves the precision of individualized estimates, revealing previously undetectable individual differences in brain change.
Within-individual precision mapping of brain networks exclusively using task data
Keywords precision functional mapping functional connectivity task fMRI individual differences association cortex default network Introduction The organization of human brain networks can be estimated by measuring spontaneous correlations of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal, a technique referred to as functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI; Biswal et al.1; see also Fox and Raichle,2 Van Dijk et al.,3 Deco et al.,4 Murphy et al.,5 Smith et al.,6 Power et al.,7 Lv et al.,8...
Neuropsychiatric symptoms cluster and fluctuate over time in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Supporting Information Filename Description pcn13810-sup-0001-TableS1.docxWord 2007 document , 17.4 KB Table S1. Mixed-effects regression of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) persistence. References 1, , et al. Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2011; 134: 2456–2477. 2, , , , .
Within-Individual Precision Mapping of Brain Networks Exclusively Using Task Data
Abstract Precision mapping of brain networks within individuals has become a widely used tool that prevailingly relies on functional connectivity analysis of resting-state data. Here we explored whether networks could be precisely estimated solely using data acquired during active task paradigms. The straightforward strategy involved extracting residualized data after application of a task-based general linear model (GLM) and then applying standard functional connectivity analysis.
Ventral Striatum is Preferentially Correlated with the Salience Network Including Regions in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Abstract The ventral striatum (VS) receives input from the cerebral cortex and is modulated by midbrain dopaminergic projections in support of processing reward and motivation. Here we explored the organization of cortical regions linked to the human VS using within-individual functional connectivity MRI in intensively scanned participants.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Cluster and Fluctuate Over Time in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Preliminary analysis from this work was presented as an abstract at the ISFTD Conference in Amsterdam, NL on September 21 2024. CM was funded my KL2TR003099 and is now funded by K23AG088248. AP is funded by NIA/NIH (K23AG059891). JR is funded by NIA/NIH K23AG059888, AlzOut, Shenandoah fund and Jon and Gale Love Alzheimer's fund and is a site PI for clinical trials sponsored by Eli-Lilly and Eisai and a consultant and speaker for Roon Health, Inc.
Specialization of the Human Hippocampal Long Axis Revisited
Abstract The hippocampus possesses anatomical differences along its long axis. Here the functional specialization of the human hippocampal long axis was explored using network-anchored precision functional MRI (N = 11) paired with behavioral analyses (N=266).
Human Striatal Association Megaclusters
Abstract The striatum receives projections from multiple regions of the cerebral cortex consistent with its role in diverse motor, affective, and cognitive functions. Supporting cognitive functions, the caudate receives projections from cortical association regions.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Neurological Patient: Scientific Principles and Applications.
Non-invasive brain stimulation has been increasingly recognized for its potential as an investigational, diagnostic and therapeutic tool across the clinical neurosciences. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method of focal neuromodulation. Diagnostically, TMS can be used to probe cortical excitability and plasticity, as well as for functional mapping.
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