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1 Prokaryotic Membrane Systems Composed of substantial proportions of proteins and lipids [1], prokaryotic membranes function not only as physical permeability barriers but also as dynamic platforms that host a wide range of essential cellular processes, including metabolite transport, energy generation, signal transduction, and cell cycle regulation [2].
Abbreviation AAC, ADP/ATP carrier protein ABC, cardiolipin biosynthesis genes ABC ACP, acyl carrier protein ArcABCD, arginine deiminase pathway gene cluster AX, archaeol phosphate with variable headgroup X AY, archaeol with variable headgroup Y B.
SignificanceEscherichia coli has been engineered toward an archaebacterium with an unprecedented high level of archaeal ether phospholipids. The obtained cells stably maintain a mixed heterochiral membrane. This finding challenges theories that assume that intrinsic instability of mixed membranes led to the “lipid divide” and the subsequent differentiation of bacteria and archaea.
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