1. Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers among women, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths annually, making it the leading malignant tumor globally. (1,2) Among these cases, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15–20%, (3,4) notorious for its aggressive nature, high mortality rates, and significantly lower 5-year survival rates compared to other BCa subtypes.