Mary F. Barbe

Immune activity is fundamental to pain. This extends from the role of inflammatory mediators in activation and sensitization of peripheral neurons, to the role of neuroinflammation or neuro-immune interactions throughout the nervous system (Mustafa et al., 2023; Watkins and Maier, 2002). Understanding of how, why and where immune activity develops in the nervous system has important implications for targeted pain management. Historically, pain was viewed from a neuro-centric vantagepoint.

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Rebeccah R. Overton 1, Istvan P. Tamas 1, Emily P. Day 2, Nagat Frara 1, Michel A. Pontari 3, Susan B. Fecho 4, Steven N. Popoff 5 and Mary F.

4. Materials and Methods 4.1. Animals All experiments were performed in accordance with the policies and recommendations of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IUCAC) of Temple University and in compliance with NIH guidelines for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. A total of 64 female Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River Laboratory, Wayne, PA, USA) were used (Figure 1A).