Masakazu Matsubara

Editor’s summary Abstract Supplementary Materials References and Notes Information & Authors Metrics & Citations Check Access References Figures Tables Media Share This article has 0 eLetter . Editor’s summary In contrast to equilibrium phase transitions, the so-called non-Hermitian phase transitions connect states that differ not in their static properties but rather in their dynamical properties. Such transitions have been observed in engineered systems, including optical and nanoscale settings.

1. Introduction In recent years, the demand for metal-free and esthetic restorations has increased. With the development of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), the use of ceramics such as zirconia and composite blocks (CBs) for CAD/CAM has increased in clinical practice [1].

Abstract Future spintronics and quantum technologies will require a portfolio of techniques for manipulating electron spins in functional nanodevices. Especially, the establishment of the methods to control spin current is the key ingredient essential for the transfer and processing of information, enabling faster and low-energy operation. However, a universal method for manipulating spin currents with full-directional controllability and tunable magnitude has not been established.