Masamitsu Hamakawa

1 Introduction Interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains challenging due to its poorly understood mechanisms and the lack of well-established treatment strategies [1]. Therapeutic decision-making is particularly difficult in patients with ILD who develop early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [2]. Standard treatment modalities, including surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, carry a substantial risk of triggering acute exacerbation of the underlying ILD [2].

CLINICAL IMAGE The present case was a 33-year-old woman with severe asthma and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS). Despite treatment with high-dose inhaled steroids, long-acting bronchodilators, and leukotriene antagonists for several years, she had a wet cough and had lost most of her sense of smell. Her asthma control test (ACT) score was 15. Biomarkers of type 2 inflammation were immunoglobulin E, 61 IU/mL (normal, < 361 IU/mL); peripheral blood eosinophils, 336/μL; and FeNO, 187 ppb.

1 INTRODUCTION Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome (SJMS) is a rare disease that occurs secondary to infectious bronchiolitis contracted during childhood, with a prevalence estimated at 0.01% based on a study of 17,450 chest radiographs.1 It causes localized postobstructive hyperinflation and pulmonary angiogenesis imperfecta characterized radiographically as unilateral pulmonary hyperlucency.2 Although it has been reported to be an acquired syndrome, few studies have compared the imaging findings...