Mateus José Dutra

1 Introduction The physical examination of the head and neck region offers valuable insights into a wide range of medical diseases. Visual signs observed in this anatomical area, such as mucosal lesions, skin manifestations, bruising, twitching, abnormal movements, or facial asymmetries, can provide important diagnostic clues.

1 Introduction Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are considered a diverse group of mucosal lesions associated with an increased risk of progression to oral cancer (Warnakulasuriya et al. 2021). Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most prevalent OPMD in clinical practice, of which the malignant transformation rate varies according to the population and associated risk factors, with a rate of 13.07% (Saldivia-Siracusa and González-Arriagada 2021).