Matheus Roberto Bellé

1 Introduction Electrical steels are characterized by increased silicon contents of ≤3.5 mass-% regarding their chemical composition.[1] Nowadays, silicon contents of up to 6.5 mass-% are even possible using special processing methods.[1] The material group is of great strategic importance due to its diverse applications.

1 Introduction In the context of climate change and the imperative to reduce global CO2 emissions, the steel industry is under increasing pressure to lower its environmental footprint. This includes minimizing the use of virgin raw materials, maximizing the recycling of materials such as carbon-bonded magnesia (MgO–C) refractories, and reducing landfill waste.

1 Introduction The thermophysical properties are crucial in the processing of liquid metals and alloys. They stand as fundamental parameters in the simulation of metallurgical processes, such as casting, solidification, and additive manufacturing.