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Articles by Matthew Groh
Divergent impacts of explainable AI for dermatological diagnosis on clinicians versus lay people
Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly permeating healthcare, from serving as a physician assistant to powering consumer applications. The opacity of AI algorithms makes the ability of humans to interact with AI algorithms challenging. To overcome this limitation, explainable AI (XAI) provides insight into AI decision-making, but evidence suggests that XAI can paradoxically induce bias in the human decision-making process.
To Spot AI Fakes, a Little Training Goes a Long Way
Earlier this year, Matthew Groh instructed ChatGPT to create images of a man playing guitar with Bruce Springsteen and tennis with Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer. At first glance, the two pictures looked pretty convincing. But Groh, an assistant professor of management and organizations at Kellogg, spotted a couple of tell-tale signs that they were fake: the guitar fret inlays weren’t positioned normally, and the tennis rackets’ strings looked oddly warped.
Podcast: Automation, Answers, and Advice—a Playbook for AI Adoption
Podcast Transcript Laura PAVIN: If you’re like me, AI is becoming a bigger and bigger part of your life, both at home and at work. Maybe it helps you prepare for the day before you walk out the door. PAVIN: Okay, Google, what’s the temperature right now? GOOGLE HOME: It’s 13 degrees Fahrenheit and sunny in Highland Park. It feels like 2 degrees Fahrenheit. PAVIN: Great. PAVIN: You might be using ChatGPT to procrastinate.
Podcast: Automation, Answers, and Advice—a Playbook for AI Adoption
Podcast Transcript Laura PAVIN: If you’re like me, AI is becoming a bigger and bigger part of your life, both at home and at work. Maybe it helps you prepare for the day before you walk out the door. PAVIN: Okay, Google, what’s the temperature right now? GOOGLE HOME: It’s 13 degrees Fahrenheit and sunny in Highland Park. It feels like 2 degrees Fahrenheit. PAVIN: Great. PAVIN: You might be using ChatGPT to procrastinate.
Can AI Help Humans with Empathy?
One of the main drivers of the current excitement around artificial intelligence is its uncanny ability to act almost human. Unlike the stiff chatbots of the past, recent models can more effectively respond to a user’s emotions with nuance and understanding. The effect is convincing enough that some people attribute complex human abilities such as empathy to these computerized companions.
Can AI Help Humans with Empathy?
One of the main drivers of the current excitement around artificial intelligence is its uncanny ability to act almost human. Unlike the stiff chatbots of the past, recent models can more effectively respond to a user’s emotions with nuance and understanding. The effect is convincing enough that some people attribute complex human abilities such as empathy to these computerized companions.
When large language models are reliable for judging empathic communication - Nature Machine Intelligence
Abstract Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating empathic responses in text-based conversations. But, how reliably do they judge the nuances of empathic communication?
The Insightful Leader Live: The Smart AI Adoption Playbook for Organizations
Matthew Groh is an assistant professor of management and organizations at Kellogg. His research examines human–AI collaboration in deepfake detection, medical diagnosis, and empathic communication. Julio M. Ottino is the Distinguished McCormick Institute Professor and Walter P. Murphy Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering and a professor (by courtesy) of mechanical engineering at Northwestern University.
Take 5: AI’s Past, Present, and Future
Summary With artificial intelligence transforming industries, the economy, and people’s lives in new and unexpected ways, this article rounds up current research and insights into the possibilities and concerns related to the technology and its uses. It addresses the decades-long development of AI, its disparate impact on research depending on the discipline, the identification of AI-generated images, and the futures of work and personalized advertisements.
Take 5: AI’s Past, Present, and Future
Summary With artificial intelligence transforming industries, the economy, and people’s lives in new and unexpected ways, this article rounds up current research and insights into the possibilities and concerns related to the technology and its uses. It addresses the decades-long development of AI, its disparate impact on research depending on the discipline, the identification of AI-generated images, and the futures of work and personalized advertisements.
When Put to the Test, Are We Any Good at Spotting AI Fakes?
Summary With AI-generated images on the rise, it’s becoming increasingly important for people to be able to spot them. But just how good are we at doing so? Research led by Kellogg’s Matthew Groh, a deepfake expert, found that people were able to distinguish between real and fake images in about five out of every six images they saw. By further analyzing the data, Groh and his colleagues were able to create a taxonomy highlighting some of the most common tells for AI-generated images.
Human detection of political speech deepfakes across transcripts, audio, and video – MIT Media Lab
Publication Groh, M., Sankaranarayanan, A., Singh, N. et al. Human detection of political speech deepfakes across transcripts, audio, and video. Nat Commun 15, 7629 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51998-z Recent advances in technology for hyper-realistic visual and audio effects provoke the concern that deepfake videos of political speeches will soon be indistinguishable from authentic video.
5 Telltale Signs That a Photo Is AI-generated
As artificial intelligence (AI) makes it increasingly simple to generate realistic-looking images, even casual internet users should be aware that the images they are viewing may not reflect reality. But that doesn’t mean we humans are doomed to be fooled.
How to Spot Political Deepfakes
In the United States, the presidential election season is upon us. Voters can expect more of the usual: mailboxes jammed with fliers, nasty television attack ads, chummy-sounding text messages from down-ballot candidates asking for money. But this election season, we may also have to contend with something new.
Physician-machine partnerships boost diagnostic accuracy, but bias persists
Home | Faculty & Research Overview | Research Article 2024 Groh, Matthew. 2024. Physician-machine partnerships boost diagnostic accuracy, but bias persists. Nature Medicine Explore leading research and ideas Find articles, podcast episodes, and videos that spark ideas in lifelong learners, and inspire those looking to advance in their careers. Review Courses & Schedules Access information about specific courses and their schedules by viewing the interactive course scheduler tool.
Deep learning-aided decision support for diagnosis of skin disease across skin tones
Home | Faculty & Research Overview | Research Although advances in deep learning systems for image-based medical diagnosis demonstrate their potential to augment clinical decision-making, the effectiveness of physician–machine partnerships remains an open question, in part because physicians and algorithms are both susceptible to systematic errors, especially for diagnosis of underrepresented populations.
Deep learning-aided decision support for diagnosis of skin disease across skin tones - Nature Medicine
Abstract Although advances in deep learning systems for image-based medical diagnosis demonstrate their potential to augment clinical decision-making, the effectiveness of physician–machine partnerships remains an open question, in part because physicians and algorithms are both susceptible to systematic errors, especially for diagnosis of underrepresented populations.
Improving dermatology classifiers across populations using images generated by large diffusion models
Keywords: computer vision, dermatology, synthetic data, diffusion models, fairness TL;DR: We show that targeted generation of synthetic images by DALL·E 2 can be used to improve the performance for dermatological classifiers on a benchmark dataset overall and particularly for underrepresented groups. Abstract: Dermatological classification algorithms developed without sufficiently diverse training data may generalize poorly across populations.
Generating Regression and Summary Statistics Tables in Stata: A checklist and code
Like a first draft of a paper, a first draft of a Stata .do file is prone to typos and other errors. The awesome thing about scripting in Stata is that if there’s a scripting error, then Stata will error out and simply stop.
Deepfake detection by human crowds, machines, and machine-informed crowds
Significance The recent emergence of deepfake videos raises theoretical and practical questions. Are humans or the leading machine learning model more capable of detecting algorithmic visual manipulations of videos? How should content moderation systems be designed to detect and flag video-based misinformation? We present data showing that ordinary humans perform in the range of the leading machine learning model on a large set of minimal context videos.
Human Detection of Machine-Manipulated Media
Home/Magazine Archive/October 2021 (Vol. 64, No. 10)/Human Detection of Machine-Manipulated Media/Full Text By Matthew Groh, Ziv Epstein, Nick Obradovich, Manuel Cebrian, Iyad Rahwan Communications of the ACM, October 2021, Vol.
[2108.07437] Social influence leads to the formation of diverse local trends
arXiv is a nonprofit that depends on donations to fund essential operations and new initiatives. If you are able, please consider donating during arXiv’s Giving Week, October 25 - 31. Thank you!
Human detection of political speech deepfakes across transcripts, audio, and video - Nature Communications
Abstract Recent advances in technology for hyper-realistic visual and audio effects provoke the concern that deepfake videos of political speeches will soon be indistinguishable from authentic video. We conduct 5 pre-registered randomized experiments with N = 2215 participants to evaluate how accurately humans distinguish real political speeches from fabrications across base rates of misinformation, audio sources, question framings with and without priming, and media modalities.
Is fear of change at the root of Europe’s anti-immigrant backlash? | The Muslim Times on WordPress.com
For Syrian refugees, Europe is the land of hopes, dreams, and contradictions. On one hand, the job opportunities, formalized asylum processes, and relatively generous resettlement programs in countries such as Germany and Sweden are much preferred to United Nations refugee camps in Jordan or informal settlements in Lebanon. On the other hand, Europe has the strongest anti-immigration attitudes in the world.
Is fear of change at the root of Europe’s anti-immigrant backlash? | Brookings Institution
For Syrian refugees, Europe is the land of hopes, dreams, and contradictions. On one hand, the job opportunities, formalized asylum processes, and relatively generous resettlement programs in countries such as Germany and Sweden are much preferred to United Nations refugee camps in Jordan or informal settlements in Lebanon. On the other hand, Europe has the strongest anti-immigration attitudes in the world.
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