Mattia Lo Re

AFAB assigned female at birth BMI body mass index GGAS genital gender-affirming surgery MGS masculinising genital surgery WPATH SOC8 World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care, version 8 Introduction Genital gender-affirming surgery (GGAS) is a central aspect of care for assigned female at birth (AFAB) individuals, aiming to align physical characteristics with gender identity and improve quality of life.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, into healthcare is reshaping patient information-seeking behaviors. While prior studies have evaluated ChatGPT's performance across various urological domains, no research has yet addressed its ability to provide guideline-concordant recommendations for Bladder Cancer (BCa) management based on histopathological findings.

Urethral strictures are a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men [1] and remain one of the most challenging conditions in reconstructive urology due to their high recurrence rates [2, 3]. Despite advancements in minimally invasive management, the durability of single dilation or Direct Visual Internal Urethrotomy (DVIU) remains limited [4]. For meatal stenosis and fossa navicularis strictures, open reconstructive techniques—such as meatoplasty—are considered definitive.